/articles/adei2016

% iopart-num.bst -- BibTeX style for IOP journals (Harvard-like numeric style)

%

% DESCRIPTION

%

%   Further documenation may be found in iopart-num.pdf.

%

%   Available from CTAN as /biblio/bibtex/contrib/iopart-num.

%

% HISTORY

% 

% Version 1.0 (2005/07/11)

%   Created using custom-bib (merlin.mbs), with following manual modifications:

%   -- remove trailing period from predefined volume, page, etc., abbreviations

%   -- provide command \newblock to fix incompatibility between natbib

%      and iopart (as of iopart version 1996/06/10) 

%   -- move edition after booktitle

%   -- add version identifier to generated output

%   -- for incollection and inproceedings, move volume from after publisher to before

%   -- for any series with number, number after series

% Version 2.0 (2006/12/21)

%   -- define section field for proper formatting of lettered journal sections 

%      (as requested by Chris Latham)

%   -- suppress printing of number for article, but provide issue field

%      for periodicals with issue-based page numbering (suggested by Chris Latham)

%   -- patch remove.dots to not strip "\." control sequence (bug reported by Kevin Bube)

%   -- define epilog field (undocumented)

%   -- delete predefined computer science journal names

%   -- bring book volume+number or series+number formatting into IOP form

%   -- for book, inbook, and proceedings with editors but no author, fix formating of editors

%   -- for incollection and inproceedings, put editors in correct location

%   -- for journal: use same page formatting even if volume missing

%

% LIMITATIONS

%

% Still not in IOP form: 

%   -- for incollection and inproceedings, editors initials should preceed rather 

%      than follow last name

%   -- of the two semantically different formatting for a book in a multivolume work,

%      only "title (series volume)" formatting is supported, not "series volume title"

%% This is file `iopart-num.bst',

%% generated with the docstrip utility.

%%

%% The original source files were:

%%

%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `seq-no,nm-rv,dt-beg,yr-blk,xmth,yrp-x,jtit-x,vol-bf,volp-blk,num-xser,jnm-x,add-pub,pub-par,pre-pub,isbn,issn,blk-com,com-blank,fin-bare,pp,ed,abr,ednx,mth-bare,ord,jabr,and-xcom,etal-it,revdata,eprint,url,url-blk')

%% ----------------------------------------

%% *** Institute of Physics (IOP) journals; Harvard-like numeric style ***

%% 

%% Copyright 1994-2002 Patrick W Daly

 % ===============================================================

 % IMPORTANT NOTICE:

 % This bibliographic style (bst) file has been generated from one or

 % more master bibliographic style (mbs) files, listed above.

 %

 % This generated file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms

 % of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN

 % archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either

 % version 1 of the License, or any later version.

 % ===============================================================

 % Name and version information of the main mbs file:

 % \ProvidesFile{merlin.mbs}[2002/10/21 4.05 (PWD, AO, DPC)]

 %   For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later

 %-------------------------------------------------------------------

 % This bibliography style file is intended for texts in ENGLISH

 % This is a numerical citation style, and as such is standard LaTeX.

 % It requires no extra package to interface to the main text.

 % The form of the \bibitem entries is

 %   \bibitem{key}...

 % Usage of \cite is as follows:

 %   \cite{key} ==>>          [#]

 %   \cite[chap. 2]{key} ==>> [#, chap. 2]

 % where # is a number determined by the ordering in the reference list.

 % The order in the reference list is that by which the works were originally

 %   cited in the text, or that in the database.

 %---------------------------------------------------------------------

ENTRY

  { address

    archive

    author

    booktitle

    chapter

    collaboration

    edition

    editor

    eid

    eprint

    howpublished

    institution

    isbn

    issn

    journal

    key

    month

    note

    number

    numpages

    organization

    pages

    publisher

    school

    series

    title

    type

    url

    volume

    year

%mc

    issue

    section

    epilog

  }

  {}

  { label }

FUNCTION {not}

{   { #0 }

    { #1 }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {and}

{   'skip$

    { pop$ #0 }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {or}

{   { pop$ #1 }

    'skip$

  if$

}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% mc utilities

%   require merlin.mbs logical operators and field.or.null

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% hang -- {hang} suspends execution, for debugging purposes

%   Note that not all pending output may have been flushed.

FUNCTION {hang}

{

  {#1} {skip$} while$

}

% string.length -- {s string.length} returns the true character length of s

%   In contrast, text.length$ gives special treatment to LaTeX

%   accents ("special characters") and braces.

%   Example:   "" string.length     -> 0

%   Example:   "hello" string.length    -> 5

STRINGS {string.length.s }

INTEGERS {string.length.i }

FUNCTION {string.length}

{

 'string.length.s :=

 #0 'string.length.i :=

  {

    string.length.s #1 #1 substring$ "" = not

  }

  { 

   string.length.i #1 + 'string.length.i := 

   string.length.s #2 global.max$ substring$ 'string.length.s :=

  }

  while$

  string.length.i

}

% shared working variables for stripping functions

STRINGS { strip.s strip.t }

INTEGERS { strip.i }

% strip.leading -- {s t strip.leading} strips t from s if it appears

%   as an initial substring 

%   Example:   "abcdef" "abc" strip.leading   -> "def"

%   Example:   "abcdef" "xyz" strip.leading   -> "abcdef"

FUNCTION{strip.leading}

{

  'strip.t :=

  'strip.s :=

  strip.t string.length 'strip.i :=

  strip.s #1 strip.i substring$ strip.t =

    { strip.s strip.i #1 + global.max$ substring$ }

    { strip.s }

  if$

}

% strip.trailing -- {s t strip.trailing} strips t from s if it appears

%   as a terminal substring 

%   Example:   "abcdef" "def" strip.trailing  -> "abc"

%   Example:   "abcdef" "xyz" strip.trailing  -> "abcdef"

FUNCTION{strip.trailing}

{

  'strip.t :=

  'strip.s :=

  strip.t string.length 'strip.i :=

  strip.s #-1 strip.i substring$ strip.t =

    { strip.s #-1 strip.i - global.max$ substring$ }

    { strip.s }

  if$

}

% trim -- {s trim} strips any trailing whitespace from s

%   Example:   "abcdef  " trim  -> "abcdef"

STRINGS {trim.s trim.t}

FUNCTION{trim}

{

  'trim.s :=

  {

   trim.s #-1 #1 substring$ 'trim.t :=

   trim.t empty$ trim.t string.length #0 > and

  }

    { trim.s #-2 global.max$ substring$ 'trim.s := }

  while$

  trim.s

}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }

FUNCTION {init.state.consts}

{ #0 'before.all :=

  #1 'mid.sentence :=

  #2 'after.sentence :=

  #3 'after.block :=

}

STRINGS { s t}

FUNCTION {output.nonnull}

{ 's :=

  output.state mid.sentence =

    { " " * write$ }

    { output.state after.block =

        { add.period$ write$

          newline$

          "\newblock " write$

        }

        { output.state before.all =

            'write$

            { add.period$ " " * write$ }

          if$

        }

      if$

      mid.sentence 'output.state :=

    }

  if$

  s

}

FUNCTION {output}

{ duplicate$ empty$

    'pop$

    'output.nonnull

  if$

}

FUNCTION {output.check}

{ 't :=

  duplicate$ empty$

    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }

    'output.nonnull

  if$

}

%mc

FUNCTION {format.epilog}

{ epilog duplicate$ empty$

    { pop$ }

    { * }

  if$

}

%mc end

FUNCTION {fin.entry}

{   

%mc

format.epilog 

%mc end

  duplicate$ empty$

    'pop$

    'write$

  if$

  newline$

}

FUNCTION {new.block}

{ output.state before.all =

    'skip$

    { after.block 'output.state := }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {new.sentence}

{ output.state after.block =

    'skip$

    { output.state before.all =

        'skip$

        { after.sentence 'output.state := }

      if$

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {add.blank}

{  " " * before.all 'output.state :=

}

FUNCTION {date.block}

{

  add.blank

}

STRINGS {z}

FUNCTION {remove.dots}

{ 'z :=

  ""

  { z empty$ not }

  {

%mc patch to preserve the control sequence \. if it appears in a name

   z #1 #2 substring$ "\." = 

      { 

        % process "\." sequence

        z #3 global.max$ substring$ 'z :=

        "\." * 

      }

      {    

        % process regular character

        z #1 #1 substring$

        z #2 global.max$ substring$ 'z :=

        duplicate$ "." = 'pop$

         { * }

        if$

      }

    if$

%mc

  }

  while$

}

FUNCTION {new.block.checka}

{ empty$

    'skip$

    'new.block

  if$

}

FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}

{ empty$

  swap$ empty$

  and

    'skip$

    'new.block

  if$

}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}

{ empty$

    'skip$

    'new.sentence

  if$

}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}

{ empty$

  swap$ empty$

  and

    'skip$

    'new.sentence

  if$

}

FUNCTION {field.or.null}

{ duplicate$ empty$

    { pop$ "" }

    'skip$

  if$

}

FUNCTION {emphasize}

{ duplicate$ empty$

    { pop$ "" }

    { "{\em " swap$ * "\/}" * }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {bolden}

{ duplicate$ empty$

    { pop$ "" }

    { "{\bf " swap$ * "}" * }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}

{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <

    { "~" }

    { " " }

  if$

  swap$

}

FUNCTION {capitalize}

{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }

FUNCTION {space.word}

{ " " swap$ * " " * }

 % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.

 % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.

 % The language selected here is ENGLISH

FUNCTION {bbl.and}

{ "and"}

FUNCTION {bbl.etal}

{ "et~al." }

FUNCTION {bbl.editors}

{ "eds" }

FUNCTION {bbl.editor}

{ "ed" }

FUNCTION {bbl.edby}

{ "edited by" }

FUNCTION {bbl.edition}

{ "ed" }

FUNCTION {bbl.volume}

{ "vol" }

FUNCTION {bbl.of}

{ "of" }

FUNCTION {bbl.number}

{ "no" }

FUNCTION {bbl.nr}

{ "no" }

FUNCTION {bbl.in}

{ "in" }

FUNCTION {bbl.pages}

{ "pp" }

FUNCTION {bbl.page}

{ "p" }

FUNCTION {bbl.eidpp}

{ "pages" }

FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}

{ "chap" }

FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}

{ "Tech. Rep." }

FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}

{ "Master's thesis" }

FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}

{ "Ph.D. thesis" }

FUNCTION {bbl.first}

{ "1st" }

FUNCTION {bbl.second}

{ "2nd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.third}

{ "3rd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.fourth}

{ "4th" }

FUNCTION {bbl.fifth}

{ "5th" }

FUNCTION {bbl.st}

{ "st" }

FUNCTION {bbl.nd}

{ "nd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.rd}

{ "rd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.th}

{ "th" }

MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}

MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}

MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}

MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}

MACRO {may} {"May"}

MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}

MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}

MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}

MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}

MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}

MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}

MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}

FUNCTION {eng.ord}

{ duplicate$ "1" swap$ *

  #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =

     { bbl.th * }

     { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$

       duplicate$ "1" =

         { pop$ bbl.st * }

         { duplicate$ "2" =

             { pop$ bbl.nd * }

             { "3" =

                 { bbl.rd * }

                 { bbl.th * }

               if$

             }

           if$

          }

       if$

     }

   if$

}

FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}

{ swap$

  duplicate$ missing$

    {

      pop$ pop$

      ""

    }

    { duplicate$ empty$

        {

          swap$ pop$

        }

        { swap$

          pop$

        }

      if$

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}

{ swap$

  duplicate$ missing$

    {

      swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$

      ""

    }

    { duplicate$ empty$

        {

          swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$

        }

        { swap$

          pop$

        }

      if$

    }

  if$

}

%% FUNCTION {format.eprint}

%% { eprint duplicate$ empty$

%%     'skip$

%%     { "\eprint"

%%       archive empty$

%%         'skip$

%%         { "[" * archive * "]" * }

%%       if$

%%       "{" * swap$ * "}" *

%%     }

%%   if$

%% }

FUNCTION {format.eprint}

{ eprint duplicate$ empty$

    'skip$

    { 

      "(\textit{Preprint} " 

      swap$

       "\eprint"

      archive empty$

        'skip$

        { "[" * archive * "]" * }

      if$

      "{" * swap$ * "}" *

      *

      ")"

      *

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {format.url}

{ url empty$

    { "" }

    { "\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * }

  if$

}

STRINGS  { bibinfo}

INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }

FUNCTION {format.names}

{ 'bibinfo :=

  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {

  's :=

  "" 't :=

  #1 'nameptr :=

  s num.names$ 'numnames :=

  numnames 'namesleft :=

    { namesleft #0 > }

    { s nameptr

      "{vv~}{ll}{ jj}{ f{~}}"

      format.name$

      remove.dots

      bibinfo bibinfo.check

      't :=

      nameptr #1 >

        {

          namesleft #1 >

            { ", " * t * }

            {

              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =

                { 't := }

                { pop$ }

              if$

              t "others" =

                {

                  " " * bbl.etal emphasize *

                }

                {

                  bbl.and

                  space.word * t *

                }

              if$

            }

          if$

        }

        't

      if$

      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=

      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=

    }

  while$

  } if$

}

FUNCTION {format.names.ed}

{

  'bibinfo :=

  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {

  's :=

  "" 't :=

  #1 'nameptr :=

  s num.names$ 'numnames :=

  numnames 'namesleft :=

    { namesleft #0 > }

    { s nameptr

      "{f{~}~}{vv~}{ll}{ jj}"

      format.name$

      remove.dots

      bibinfo bibinfo.check

      't :=

      nameptr #1 >

        {

          namesleft #1 >

            { ", " * t * }

            {

              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =

                { 't := }

                { pop$ }

              if$

              t "others" =

                {

                  " " * bbl.etal emphasize *

                }

                {

                  bbl.and

                  space.word * t *

                }

              if$

            }

          if$

        }

        't

      if$

      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=

      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=

    }

  while$

  } if$

}

FUNCTION {format.authors}

{ author "author" format.names

    duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$

    { collaboration "collaboration" bibinfo.check

      duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$

        { " (" swap$ * ")" * }

      if$

      *

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}

{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }

FUNCTION {format.editors}

{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$

    {

%%      "," *

%%      " " *

%%      get.bbl.editor

%%      *

%mc

      " " *

      "(" *

      get.bbl.editor

      *

      ")" *

%mc end

    }

  if$

}

%mc

FUNCTION {format.editors.inline}

{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$

    {

      bbl.editor " " *

      swap$

      *

    }

  if$

}

%mc end

FUNCTION {format.isbn}

{ isbn "isbn" bibinfo.check

  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$

    {

      "ISBN " swap$ *

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {format.issn}

{ issn "issn" bibinfo.check

  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$

    {

      "ISSN " swap$ *

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {format.note}

{

 note empty$

    { "" }

    { note #1 #1 substring$

      duplicate$ "{" =

        'skip$

        { output.state mid.sentence =

          { "l" }

          { "u" }

        if$

        change.case$

        }

      if$

      note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {format.title}

{ title

  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$

    { "t" change.case$ }

  if$

  "title" bibinfo.check

}

FUNCTION {output.bibitem}

{ newline$

  "\bibitem{" write$

  cite$ write$

  "}" write$

  newline$

  ""

  before.all 'output.state :=

}

FUNCTION {n.dashify}

{

  't :=

  ""

    { t empty$ not }

    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =

        { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not

            { "--" *

              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=

            }

            {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }

                { "-" *

                  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=

                }

              while$

            }

          if$

        }

        { t #1 #1 substring$ *

          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=

        }

      if$

    }

  while$

}

FUNCTION {word.in}

{ bbl.in

  " " * }

FUNCTION {format.date}

{

  ""

  duplicate$ empty$

  year  "year"  bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$

    { swap$ 'skip$

        { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$ }

      if$

      *

    }

    { swap$ 'skip$

        {

          swap$

          " " * swap$

        }

      if$

      *

      remove.dots

    }

  if$

  duplicate$ empty$

    'skip$

    {

      before.all 'output.state :=

    " " swap$ *

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {format.btitle}

{ title "title" bibinfo.check

  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$

    {

      emphasize

    }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {either.or.check}

{ empty$

    'pop$

    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {format.bvolume}

{ volume empty$

    { "" }

%%    { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.prefix

%%      "volume" bibinfo.check * *

%%      series "series" bibinfo.check

%%      duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$

%%        { swap$ bbl.of space.word * swap$

%%         emphasize * }

%%      if$

%%      "volume and number" number either.or.check

%%    }

%mc

    {

      series "series" bibinfo.check

      empty$ 

        {bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * *}

        { 

          "(" 

          series "series" bibinfo.check emphasize *

          " " * bbl.volume * 

          volume tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * 

          ")" * *

        }

      if$

      "volume and number" number either.or.check

    }

%mc end

  if$

}

FUNCTION {format.number.series}

{ volume empty$

    { number empty$

        { series field.or.null }

        { series empty$

            { number "number" bibinfo.check }

        { 

          %% output.state mid.sentence =

          %%   { bbl.number }

          %%   { bbl.number capitalize }

          %% if$

          %% number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * *

          %% bbl.in space.word *

          %% series "series" bibinfo.check *

          %% " " * bbl.number * 

          %% number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * *

%mc

              "(" 

              series "series" bibinfo.check emphasize *

              " " * bbl.number * 

              number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * 

              ")" *

              *

%mc end

        }

      if$

    }

      if$

    }

    { "" }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {is.num}

{ chr.to.int$

  duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not

  swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and

}

FUNCTION {extract.num}

{ duplicate$ 't :=

  "" 's :=

  { t empty$ not }

  { t #1 #1 substring$

    t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=

    duplicate$ is.num

      { s swap$ * 's := }

      { pop$ "" 't := }

    if$

  }

  while$

  s empty$

    'skip$

    { pop$ s }

  if$

}

FUNCTION {convert.edition}

{ extract.num "l" change.case$ 's :=

  s "first" = s "1" = or

    { bbl.first 't := }

    { s "second" = s "2" = or

        { bbl.second 't := }

        { s "third" = s "3" = or

            { bbl.third 't := }

            { s "fourth" = s "4" = or

                { bbl.fourth 't := }

                { s "fifth" = s "5" = or

                    { bbl.fifth 't := }

                    { s #1 #1 substring$ is.num

                        { s eng.ord 't := }

                        { edition 't := }

                      if$

                    }

                  if$

                }

              if$

            }

          if$

        }

      if$